Beginner Home Distiller Series: Understanding Basic Measuring Equipment

In the world of distillation, precision is key. Whether you're measuring the temperature of your mash or monitoring the progress of fermentation, having the right tools can make all the difference. In this article, we'll explore the basic measuring equipment every beginner home distiller should have in their arsenal, including the hydrometer, refractometer, and pH strips/meters.

Hydrometer: Unlocking the Secrets of Density

The hydrometer is a fundamental tool for any home distiller. It measures the density, or specific gravity, of a liquid in relation to the weight of water. This measurement is crucial because it allows you to determine the sugar content of your mash, which is essential for calculating potential alcohol content.

When using a hydrometer, it's important to ensure accuracy in reading. The specific gravity scale typically ranges from 0.990 to 1.120, with water having a specific gravity of 1.000. As you dissolve sugar in water, the hydrometer will float higher, indicating a higher specific gravity. By taking readings before and after fermentation, you can calculate the resulting alcohol content of your mash. When taking the measurement, ensure you are at eye level and take the reading at the bottom of the meniscus to ensure accuracy. 

It is also important to note that most hydrometers are calibrated at 20 degrees Celsius. The gravity of a liquid is dependent on the temperature, therefore taking the measurement when the temperature of the liquid is higher or lower than 20 degrees Celsius will cause inaccurate readings.

Refractometer: A Window Into Specific Gravity

For those seeking even greater precision, a refractometer offers a sophisticated alternative to the hydrometer. This device measures specific gravity by analyzing the refractive index of a liquid. To use a refractometer, simply place a few drops of your cooled wort or mash onto the viewing glass, close the cover, and peer through the viewing lens to obtain an accurate reading.

While refractometers may require a higher initial investment, they offer several advantages over hydrometers, including faster readings and the ability to measure specific gravity at any temperature.

It is however very important to note that if you use a refractometer to measure the specific gravity in fermenting mashes, the produced alcohol will cause the refractometer to over read meaning that it will show a higher SG reading than what it should. This is because the alcohol being produced causes a change in the overall refractive index. SG refractometers can therefore only be used to measure the gravity of a liquid before the fermentation has started.

Thermometer: Ensuring Temperate Conditions

The importance of temperature monitoring during fermentation is very often overlooked. The temperature plays a very important role in the speed of fermentation, fermentation aroma compounds being produced as well as the overall yeast vitality.

The warmer the fermenting mash, the faster the metabolic activity of the yeast and therefore the faster fermentation takes place. But having a hot and fast fermentation is not always ideal, as the aroma and flavour compounds and yeast vitality depend on the fermentation temperature. It is crucial to stay within the recommended fermentation temperature range as recommended by the yeast supplier.

pH Strips/ pH Meters: Monitoring Acidic Levels

In addition to measuring density and temperature, it's essential to monitor the acidity of your mash or wash. pH strips or meters provide a simple and effective way to measure the pH level of your liquid. Distillers yeast usually has an ideal fermentation pH range of 3,5 – 4. Maintaining the correct pH is crucial for promoting yeast health and ensuring a successful fermentation process.

Whether you opt for pH strips or a digital pH meter, regularly monitoring acidity levels will help you achieve consistent results in your distillation endeavors.

Conclusion:

Equipped with the right fermentation measuring equipment,  distillers can embark on their craft with confidence and precision. From determining sugar content to monitoring acidity levels, these tools play a vital role in ensuring successful fermentations. Whether you choose a traditional hydrometer, a sophisticated refractometer, or pH strips/meters, investing in quality measuring equipment is essential for achieving success in the art of home distillation. Stay tuned for more articles in our Beginner Home Distiller Series as we delve deeper into the fascinating world of distillation.